PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

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Chapter-1

Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic.

Chapter-2

Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complex metric titration, redox titration
Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method

Chapter-3

Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical 7 formulations, market preparations, storage conditions and uses of

  • Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron
  • Antacids: Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate
  • Anti-microbial agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate
  • Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouth washes
  • Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen

Chapter-4

Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings

Chapter-5

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

  • Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium*, Ketamine Hydrochloride*, Propofol
  • Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam*, Alprazolam*, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital*
  • Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride*, Haloperidol*, Risperidone*, Sulpiride*, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone
  • Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin*, Carbamazepine*, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid*, Gabapentin*, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine
  • Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride*, Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine

Chapter-6

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathomimetic Agents (Adrenergic Agonists)

Direct Acting Agents :

  • Nor-epinephrine, *
  • Phenylephrine,
  • Terbutaline,
  • Naphazoline, *
  • Epinephrine,
  • Dopamine, *
  • Salbutamol,
  • Tetrahydrozoline

Indirect Acting Agents :

  • Hydroxyamphetamine,
  • Pseudoephedrine

Sympathomimetic Agents (Adrenergic Agonists)

Mixed Acting Agents :

  • Ephedrine,
  • Metaraminol

Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholytic Agents)

Alpha Adrenergic Blockers :

  • Tolazoline,
  • Phentolamine,
  • Phenoxybenzamine,
  •  

Adrenergic Antagonists (Sympatholytic Agents)

Beta Adrenergic Blockers :

  • Propranolol, *
  • Ateolol, *
  • Carvedilol

Cholinergic Drugs And Related Agents (PARASYMPATHOMIMETRIC )

Direct Acting Agents

  • Acetylcholine, *
  • Carbachol,
  •  

Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Indirect Acting Agents)

  • Neostigmine, *
  • Edrophonium chloride,
  • Tacrine hydrochloride,
  • Echothiophate iodide.

Cholinergic Blocking Agents (Cholinergic Antagonists)

  • Atropine sulphate, *
  • Ipratropium bromide.

Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents

  • Tropicamide,
  • Cyclopentolate hydrochloride,
  • Clidinium bromide, and
  • Dicyclomine hydrochloride. *

Chapter-7

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System

  • Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Verapamil, Phenytoin Sodium*, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Amiodarone and Sotalol
  • Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Propranolol*, Captopril*, Ramipril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine,
  • Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate

Chapter-8

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Diuretics

  • Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone

Chapter-9

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Hypoglycemic Agents:

  • Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin*, Glibenclamide*, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins

Chapter-10

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents

  • Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists; Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) – Aspirin*, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen*, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol*, Aceclofenac

Chapter-11

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Anti-Infective Agents

  • Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole*, Itraconazole, Fluconazole*, Naftifine Hydrochloride
  • Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin*, Moxifloxacin,
  • Anti-Tubercular Agents: INH*, Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid*
  • Antiviral Agents: Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir*, Foscarnet, Zidovudine, Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir
  • Antimalarials: Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate*, Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine*, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin
  • Sulfonamides: Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide*, Mafenide Acetate,Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone*

Chapter-12

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Antibiotics

  • Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin*, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol* Clindamycin

Chapter-13

Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with*) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names

Anti-Neoplastic Agents

  • Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide*, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil*, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin*, Dromostanolone Propionate