Communicable Diseases
What is Communicable disease:-
A disease in which the causative organism may pass or carried from person to person directly or indirectly.
Example:- Cholera, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, etc.
Transmissions of Communicable disease:-
1. Direct:- In this case, by coming in direct contact with the infected person, the healthy person becomes a victim of infection. Direct contact such as handshake, kiss, hug, physical contact etc.
2. Indirect:- In this case, he influences the person indirectly like spreads through airdrops, chicks etc.
1. Respiratory infections :
Diseases Name | Causative Agents | Mode of transmission | Prevention | |
1. | Chicken Pox | Varicella-Zoster (V-Z) | · Transmitted by droplet infection
· Transmitted by personal contact · It can also cross the placental barrier and infect the foetus. |
Notification, Isolation for 6 days after the onset of rash.
Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulin can be given within 72 hours of ecposure. |
2. | Measles | The causative agent is RNA paramyxo virus or Measles virus.
OR Measles Virus |
· Infective material is secretion of nose, throat and respiratory tract
· Transmission by droplet infection and droplet Nuclei |
Isolation of the potient for 7 days after the rash.
Immunisation of contact with in 2 days of exposure. Prevention by measles vaccination. It is given at 9 month of age. |
3. | Diphtheria | · Corynebacterium diptherial
· It is a gram positive rod shaped |
· Transmitted mainly by the droplet infection,
· Transmitted through Fomites is also passible |
Prevention is by immunization with DPT. It must be given at 6th, 10th and 14th month of a child.
A booster dose is given at 1 ½ year at 5 years DT is given. |
4. | Influenza. | · Influenza virus | · Transmitted by droplet
· Infection or Droplet nuclei. |
Influnza can be Prevented by the administration of Vaccines.
The Prophylactic drug is amantadine. |
Diseases Name | Causative Agents | Mode of transmission | Prevention | |
5. | Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | · Transmitted by droplet infection & droplet nuclei
· It is also transmitted by fomites. · Elies which transmit theinfect by contaminating food. · Poverty, overcrowding and poor ventilation. |
Chemoprophylaxis
Give the suitable drugs such as INH, rifampicin and streptomycin. Immunisation by BCG vaccination. |
6. | Whooping Cough | Bordetella Pertussis. | · Transmitted by the infected patient
· Disease is spreads by droplet infection and through fomites. |
Isolation of contact and cases.
Treatment with erythromycin. Active immunization with pertussis vaccine or DPT vaccine. |
2. Intestinal Infections :-
Diseases Name | Causative Agents | Mode of transmission | Prevention | |
1. | Poliomyelitis | Polio virus
Type-1 Type-2 Type-3 |
· Transmitted by infected person.
· Transmission by fecal-oral route. · Direct infection by contaminated fingers |
· Notification and isolation of the patient.
· Proper disposal of urine and faces avoidance of overcrowding in school and in public gatherings. · Immunisation with salk vaccine and sabine vaccine. |
2. | Cholera | Vibrio cholera | · Fecal contamination of water.
· Direct contact through contaminated fingers while handling excreta and fomites. |
· Isolation and notification
· Treatment by antibiotic like tetracycline. · Prevention by cholera vaccine, especially during fairs and festivals. |
3. | Typhoid Fever | Solmonellatyphi | · Transmitted by contaminated water and food.
· Also transmitted by fingers & flies. · Transmitted by Feces and urine. |
· Notification to health authorities.
· Sanitary measures like safe · Detection of carriers and treating them · Immunisation with TAB vaccine. |
4. | Hepatitis
Hepatitis-A
Hepatitis-B |
Hepatitis-A virus
Hepatitis-B virus |
· It is transmitted through contaminated water food and milk. · Homosexuallty is also cause for transmission.
· Transmitted through contaminated syringes and needles, transfusion,tattooing etc. · Also transmitted through placenta and through sexual contact. |
· Safe disposal of excreta. · Prevention of contamination of water, food and mill. · Passive immunization with human normal immunoglobulin.
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Vary nice notes..thank you so much sir but our exam coming on 26th May so give me all notes social pharmacy chapter 4….
Diploma 1st year notes given imidatly