Introduction to biochemistry
Brief chemistry and role of proteins, polypeptides and amino acids,
classification, Qualitative tests, Biological value, Deficiency diseases.
Carbohydrates
Brief chemistry and role of carbohydrates, classification, qualitative tests, Diseases
related to carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipids
Brief chemistry and role of lipids, classification and qualitative tests. Diseases related to lipids
metabolism
Vitamins
Brief chemistry and role of vitamins and coenzymes. Role of minerals and water in life
processes.
SYLLABUS
BIOCHEMISTRY & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Download Complete Notes in PDF | Visit Regular for latest update
Chapter-1
Introduction to biochemistry: Scope of biochemistry inpharmacy; Cell and its biochemical organization
Chapter-2
Carbohydrates
- Definition, classification with examples, chemical properties
- Monosaccharides – Structure of glucose, fructose and galactose
- Disaccharides – structure of maltose, lactose and sucrose
- Polysaccharides – chemical nature of starch and glycogen
- Qualitative tests and biological role of carbohydrates
Chapter-3
Proteins
- Definition, classification of proteins based on composition and solubility with examples
- Definition, classification of amino acids based on chemical nature and nutritional requirements with examples
- Structure of proteins (four levels of organization of protein structure)
- Qualitative tests and biological role of proteins and amino acids
- Diseases related to malnutrition of proteins.
Chapter-4
Lipids
- Definition, classification with examples
- Structure and properties of triglycerides (oils and fats)
- Fatty acid classification – Based on chemical and nutritional requirements with examples
- Structure and functions of cholesterol in the body
- Lipoproteins – types, composition and functions in the body
- Qualitative tests and functions of lipids
Chapter-5
Nucleic acids
- Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases
- Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with
examples - Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), RNA
and their functions
Chapter-6
Enzymes
- Definition, properties and IUB and MB classification
- Factors affecting enzyme activity
- Mechanism of action of enzymes, Enzyme inhibitors
- Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of enzymes
Chapter-7
Vitamins
- Definition and classification with examples
- Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, recommended dietary requirements, deficiency diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins
Chapter-8
Metabolism (Study of cycle/pathways without chemical structures)
Metabolism (Study of cycle/pathways without chemical structures)
- Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and glycogen metabolism, regulation of blood glucose level. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of Carbohydrates
- Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis, β-oxidation of Fatty acid (Palmitic acid) ketogenesis and ketolysis. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of lipids such as Ketoacidosis, Fatty liver, Hypercholesterolemia
- Metabolism of Amino acids (Proteins): General reactions of amino acids and its significance– Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle and
decarboxylation. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of amino acids, Disorders of ammonia metabolism, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and Jaundice. - Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation
Chapter-9
Minerals
- Minerals: Functions, Deficiency diseases, recommended dietary requirements of calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and chloride
Chapter-10
Water and Electrolytes
- Distribution, functions of water in the body
- Water turnover and balance
- Electrolyte composition of the body fluids, Dietary intake of electrolyte and Electrolyte balance
- Dehydration, causes of dehydration and oral rehydration therapy
Chapter-12
Organ function tests
- Functions of kidney and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of kidney and their clinical significances
- Functions of liver and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of liver and their clinical significances
- Lipid profile tests and its clinical significances
Chapter-13
Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine
- Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and disease
- Erythrocytes – Abnormal cells and their significance
- Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine and their significance
Engineering Physics Notes (PDF)
Quantum Mechanics: Microscopic study of matter and energy. Electromagnetic Field: Interaction of charged particles and electromagnetic fields. Wave Optics: Wave-like light behavior. Fiber Optics/Laser: Light transmission. Superconductors: Zero resistance materials. Nano-Materials: Unique materials for technology.